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H. MORISHIMA1 and J. C. GLASZMANN2
1) National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411 Japan
2) IRAT, BP5035, 34032 Montpellier cedex, France
A meeting was held to discuss coordination of gene symbols for rice isozyme loci at IRRI, on May 15, 1990, during the Second International Rice Genetics Symposium. The members present were; D. S. Brar, A. Ghesquiere, J. C. Glaszmann, R. Ishikawa, H. Morishima, T. Nagamine, J. L. Pham, B. G. de los Reyes, G. Second. Their discussions led to the following agreements.
1. Forty-nine isozyme loci (including 6 tentative ones) are now known in rice. Of these 31 have been associated with respective chromosomes.
2. Rules for allele designation suggested by Glaszmann et al. (1988) were accepted. Namely, major alleles frequently found in 0. sativa are given small numbers (slow band, allele 1 and fast band, allele 2, etc). Rare alleles are numbered according to the order of discovery.
3. Isozyme alleles found only in wild species are not included in the list attached. It is suggested that such alleles are designated by letters of alphabet.
4. It is recommended the researchers to exchange marker lines for allelism tests. This will promote the use of common allele designations.
A unified system of locus/allele designations agreed by the above members is given below together with other information.
Table 1. List of isozyme genes.
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Enzyme Locus Chromo-a Alleleb Fre-c Marker straind
some quency
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Acid
phosphatase Acp-1 12 0 VR NIG1707
(15)e (6)e 1(-4) F IR36,NIG108,R6245(I)
2(+9) F T65,R12880,R43675(J)
3(+4) R NIG-N7,R27545
Acp-2 12 0 F T65,NIG563,R6245(J)
(15) (6) 1(Fa) F NIG108, NIG1707,
R43675 (1)
Acp-3 - Variant is known only in wild taxa
(15)
Acp-4 7f 1 F R23754, R6274
(3) 2 F R6245, R6538
Alcohol
dehydrogenase Adh-1 11 0 VR NIG624
(19) (19) 1 VF T65,IR36,R6274
2 R NIG224,R23754,R43675
3 R NIG437, R6245
Adh-2 - Expressed only in root
(27)
Aminopeptidase
(Leu-NAm Amp-1 2 0 VR R29040
Arg-NAm (26) (26) 1 F IR36,T65,R27595
Ala-NAm 2 F R6245,NIG721,R12880(J)
substrate) 3 R NIG143, R23754,
4 R R33888
5 VR R27748
6 VR R9011
(Ala-NAm Amp-2 8 1 F T65,NIG224,R12880,
substrate) (21) (5) 2 F IR36, NIG108, R6274
3 VR R6434
4 VR R32301
(Leu-NAm Amp-3 6 0 R NIG-Bh14,RI2880,R33888
substrate) (21) (21) 1 F T65, IR36, R6274
2 F NIG224, NIG437, R6245
3 VR NIG729, R43400,R32575
4 R R33888, R9158
5 VR R33153
6 R R6538, R27595
(Arg-NAm Amp-4 8 1 VF R6274,R12880,R6245
substrate) (26) (26) 2 R R33191, R23754
3 VR R33888
beta-Amylase BetaAmy-1 7 0 R H0246
(24) (24) 1 F L01050
2 F Kinmaze, T65
3 R N01208
Catalase Cat-1 6 1 F IR36,NIG108,R6274(I)
(22) (6) 2 F T65,R23754,R32301(J)
3 VR R43675
Diaphorase Dia-1 - 1(fast) F IR36, R6245, R6274
(1) 2(slow) R R27642,R33191,R53642
Dia-2(t)- 1 F IR36, R6245, R6274
(1) 2 R R53950
Endopeptidase Enp-1 6 0 R R9145
(18) (18) 1 F R8896,OR-ES79,R27748
Esterases Est-1 ?h 0 F IR28,Moroberekan,Iratl77
(9) (3,10) 1 F Kasalath,R6274,Apura
Est-2 6 0 F T65, Sinaba,R43675
(9) (12) 1(S) F NIG224,Kasalath,R37901
2(F) F IR36,NIG108,R6274
Est-3 9 1(S) F Sinaba,Northrose(J)
(9) (10) 2(F) F Kasalath, IR28 (I)
Est-4 - 0 F Shinabe, IR28
(9) 1 R Moxiangu
Est-5 1 0 VR R37801
(26) (26) 1 VF IR36,NIG504,R6274
2 VR NIG721,R6538,R27494
Est-6 - 0 F OR-YS138-3,T65(J)
(18) 1 F OR-BS117,NIG108(I)
Est-7 7f 0 F Apura,T65(J)
(3) 1 F Irat 177, NIG108
Est-8 - 0
(18) 1
Est-9 7 1 F T65,R6274,R6538
(21) (19) 2 F IR36,R6245,R12880
Fructose-1,6-di- Fdp-1
phosphatase (1) - 0 R R27642, R41048
1(fast) F IR36,R6245,R6274
2(slow) F R23754,R43394,R53675
Glutamate
dehydrogenase Gdh-1 3 1 VF IR36, T65
(8) (8) 2 VR NIG259, NIG109
Aspartate Got-1 1 1 VF R6274,R6538,R27748
aminotranspherase (26) (26) 2 VR R6245
(=Glutamate 3 VR R42469
oxaloacetate
transaminase)Got-2 6 1 R Fujisaka 5,Texas Fortuna
(18) (18) 2 VR
Got-3 - 1 VF R8896,R9145,R27748
(18) 2 VR R6304
Isocitrate
dehydrogenase Icd-1 1 1 VF R6274,R53642,R37901
(25) (25) 2 R R27642, Apura
3 VR R9158
Malate dehydrogenase Mal-1 Ii 1 F T65,R12880,NIG224(J)
(NADP) (4) 2 F IR36,NIG108,R27748(I)
(NAD) Mdh-1 Variant is known only in wild taxa
(18)
Phosphogluconate
dehydrogenase Pgd-1 11 1 F T65,R6538,R12880
(21) (5) 2 F IR36,R6274,R6245
3 R NIG108,R7755
Pgd-2 6 1 VF T65,IR36,R6274
(7) (7) 2 VR NIG347,R43675,NIG624
Phosphoglucose
isomerase Pgi-1 3 0 VR NIG-J328
(22) (5) 1 F IR36,NIG108,R6274(I)
2 F NIG504,RI2880,R43675(J)
3 VR CNPAF800157
Pgi-2 6 1 F T65,R6274,R27595(J)
(22) (21) 2 F IR36,NIG108,R29726(I)
3 R R6245, R6538
4 R NIG-Bh14,R12880,R9158
Pgi-3 - 0 F T65, NIG224 (J)
(18) 1 F NIG108,IR36(I)
Peroxidase Pox-1 5 0 VR CHU3008, CHU4650
(14) (17) 1(2A) VF NIG504,IR36,NIG108
2(0C) VR CHU8216,CHU9617
Pox-2 12 0 F T65,NIG224,NIG563(J)
(14) (6) 1(4C) F NIG108,NIG143,NIGI(I)
Pox-3 - 1(3C) F NIG108,T65,CHU1707
(16)
2(5C) F OR-BS20,CHU4650,
OR-YS309
Pox-4 - 1 F OR-ES70-6
(18) 2 R OR-YS309,OR-SS404
Pox-5 6 1 F R6274,R6245,R27748
(26) (26) 2 F R6538,R12280
M-Pox-li 5 0 VF NIG1O8, T65
(13) (17) 1 VR TAR701
Shikimate
dehydrogenase Sdh-1 12 1 F IR36,NIG437,R6245
(21) (5) 2 F T65,R23754,R27748
3 VR R53950
4 VR R53642,NIG-aus23,R6274
Succinate
dehydrogenage Sud-1(t)k - 1 F IR36,R6742,R9104
2 R R43675
3 R R6245
Sud-2(t)k -
Sud-3(t)k - 0 R R7755,R43400,IR36
1 F R6274,R32301
Triosphosphate
isomerase Tpi-1(t)k -
1 IR36
2 R23704
Xanthin
dehydrogenase Xdh-1(t) - 1(slow) F IR36,R6245,R6274
(1) 2(fast) R R33
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a A new numbering system.
b "0" represents null form. Previously used designations are shown in the parenthesis.
c 0%<VR<1%<R<10%<F<90%<VF<100%.
d Institution code followed by accession number: R (Int. Rice Germplasm Center, Philippines), NIG (Nat. Inst. Genet., Japan), OR (ORSTOM, France), CHU (Chung-Hsing Univ., Taiwan), CNPAF (Cent. Nac. Pesquisa Arroz, Feijao, Brasil). HO & amp; LO (Kyushu Univ. Japan), TAR (Taiwan Agr. Res. Inst., Taiwan). (I) and (J)-Frequently found in Indica and Japonica cultivars, respectively
e Figures in the parentheses are reference number of key literature on genic analysis and chromosomal location.
f Acp-4 and Est-7: Personal communication from S. McCouch.
g An esterase locus designated as E1 which shows association with photosynthetic ability was detected on polyacrylamide gel (ref.25)
h Est-1: Contradicting results are obtained; chrom. 3 (ref. 10), chrom. 4 (ref. 3), chrom. 1 (pers. comm. from M. Cause and S. MacCouch).
i Mal-1: Personal communication from M. Causse and S. MacCouch.
j A modifier of Pox-1.
k Personal communication from D. S. Brar and B. G. de los Reyes.
Fig. 1. Diagramatic representation of zymograms of 19 enzyme species.
1) Assay system-I: Starch, gel=tris, histidine, electrode=tris, citrate (ref. 2, 8, 23), II: Starch, gel=tris, citrate, electrode=Na borate (ref. 2, 8, 23), III: Agar (ref. 11), IV: Polyacrylamide (ref. 1).
2) Organ used-a: plumule, b: matured leaf, c: emerging leaf at tillering stage, d: greminating seed.
References
1. De los Reyes, B. G., D. S. Brar and G. S. Khush, 1989. Identification of four new isozyme loci in rice. RGN 6: 103-106.
2. Glaszmann, J. C., B. G. de los Reyes and G. S. Khush, 1988. Electrophoretic variation of isozymes in plumules of rice (Oryza sativa L.)-a key to the identification of 76 alleles at 24 loci. IRRI Res. Paper Series. No. 134. pp. 14.
3. Guiderdoni, E., J. C. Glaszmann and B. Coutois, 1989. Segregation of 12 isozyme genes among doubled haploid lines derived from a japonica X indica cross of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Euphytica 42(1-2): 45-53.
4. Ishikawa, R., 1990. Analysis of two isozyme genes, Mal-1 and Pgi-3, and their frequencies in Indica and Japonica types. RGN 7. (Res. note 8)
5. ____ , T. Kinoshita and H. Morishima, 1986. A preliminary report on trisomic analysis of genes for isozymes. RGN 3: 53-55.
6. ____, ____ and ____, 1987. Trisomic analysis of genes for isozymes: Location of Cat-1, Acp-1 and Pox-2 on chromosomes. RGN 4: 75-76.
7. ____ and H. Morishima, 1989. Linkage analysis for four isozyme loci, Adh-1, Pox-2 and Pgd-2, RGN 6: 109-112.
8. ____, ____ , K. Mori and T. Kinoshita, 1989. Chromosomal analysis of isozyme loci and the allelic expression at cellular level in rice. Genetical studies on rice plant, 97. J. Fac. Agr. Hokkaido Univ. 64: 85-95.
9. Nakagahra, M., 1977. Genic analysis for esterase isoenzymes in rice cultivars. Japan. J. Breed. 27: 141-148.
10. ____, 1990. Exploitation of isozyme genes and their mapping. In Exploitation and identification of rice gene resources. Iwata, N. ed. p. 120-129. (Report of Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research). (in Japanese)
11. ____ , T. Akihama and K. Hayashi, 1975. Genetic variation and geographic cline of esterase isozymes in native rice varieties. Jpn. J. Genet. 50: 373-382.
12. ____ and K. Hayashi, 1976. Detection of esterase isozyme loci of Oryza sativa L. Japan. J. Breed. 26 Suppl. 1: 114-115. (in Japanese)
13. Pai, C., 1985. A modifier gene for peroxidase in rice. RGN. 2: 63-64.
14. ____, T. Endo and H. I. Oka, 1973. Genic analysis for peroxydase isozymes and their organ specificity in Oryza perennis and 0. sativa. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 15: 845-853.
15. ____, ____ and ____, 1975. Genic analysis for acid phosphatase isozymes in Oryza perennis and 0. sativa. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 17: 637-650.
16. ____ and P. Y. Fu, 1977. Genetic analysis for peroxidase and acid phosphatase isozymes in cultivated rice. Agr. Bull. (Chung-Hsing Univ., Taiwan) 2: 75-87. (in Chinese)
17. ____ and S. M. Jan, 1988. Linkage analysis for two loci of peroxidase isozymes in rice. Genome 30, Suppl. 1: 289.
18. Pham, J. L., J. C. Glaszmann, R. Sano, P. Barbier, A. Ghesquire and G. Second, 1990. Isozyme markers in rice: genetic analysis and linkage relationships. Genome 33: 348-359.
19. Ranjhan, S., J. C. Glaszmann and G. S. Khush, 1986. Localization of Pgi-1, Sdh-1, Est-9 and Adh-1 on rice chromosomes by trisomic analysis. RGN 3: 56-58.
20. ____, ____ , D. A. Ramirez and G. S. Khush, 1988. Chromosomal localization of four isozyme loci by trisomic analysis in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 75: 541-545.
21. Sano, R. and P. Barbier, 1985. Analysis of five isozyme genes and chromosomal location for Amp-1. RGN 2: 60-62.
22. Second, G. and H. Morishima, 1980. Mendelian segregation analysis for three isozyme loci in rice cultivars. Ann. Rep. Nat. Inst. Genet., Japan, 31: 117-118.
23. and P. Trouslot, 1980. Electrophorese d'enzymes de riz (Oryza spp.). Travaux et documents 120, ORSTROM, Paris, pp.88.
24. Shiraishi, M. and H. Satoh, 1990. Identification and gene analysis of amylase in germinating rice seeds. Japan. J. Breed. 40, Suppl. 1: 454-455. (in Japanese)
25. Weng, J. H. and C. Y. Chen, 1987. Photosynthetic ability associated with an esterase band in rice genotypes. RGN 4: 93-94.
26. Wu, K. S. and J. C. Glaszmann and G. S. Khush, 1988. Chromosomal locations of ten isozyme loci in rice (Oryza sativa L.) through trisomic analysis. Biochem. Genet. 26: 303-320.
27. Xie, Y. and R. Wu, 1989. Rice alcohol dehydrogenase genes: Anaerobic induction, organ specific expression and characterization of cDNA clones. Plant Mol. Biol. 13: 53-68.
