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expand all sections collapse all sections  Zea mays subsp. mays Gene "adh2"
ID 1374
Name adh2 (GENE SYMBOL)
Synonyms (4)
GRAMENE GENEGR:0200015
Type Gene
Species Zea mays subsp. mays (Maize) [ GR_tax:014546 ]
Germplasm
Description Electrophoretic mobility, null alleles are known; dimeric, intra/interlocus
hybrid bands occur; SSRs nc004, phi021. Encodes a dimeric enzyme (ADH2; E.C.
1.1.1.1) involved in the terminal step of ethanolic fermentation that is much
less stable than that of ADH1. Intra/interlocus hybrid dimers occur (see also
adh1, Schwartz 1966; Freeling and Schwartz 1973). Natural variation found in
electrophoretic mobility (slow, normal, fast, and superfast allozymes encoded by
Adh2-L, -N, -P, -R alleles; Dlouhy 1980; summarized in Freeling and Birchler
1981) and expression in response to ethylene (-1N, -2N, -3N, Schwartz 1978).
Null alleles have been found (e.g. Knobless Wilbur's Flint, Dlouhy 1980;
summarized in Freeling and Birchler 1981). Only one EMS-induced mutant has been
recovered (Freeling and Schwartz 1973). Molecular clone and nucleotide sequence
(Dennis et al. 1985). Expression is similar to that of adh1 showing high levels
of activity in prop roots (Schwartz 1979) as well as developing embryo and
endosperm (Okimoto et al. 1980). Also, anaerobic induction occurs in roots and
pre-emergent seedling shoots (cf. Sachs 1991) and no expression is detected in
post-emergent leaves (Okimoto et al. 1980). However, in contrast to ADH1, ADH2
is not induced by the synthetic auxin 2,4-D (Freeling 1973) and it is not
detected in post-meiotic microspores (Schwartz 1971). ADH2 accumulates to a
greater extent than ADH1 in the peduncles of immature ears and in mature node
cells of the stem and tassel (Dloughy 1980; summarized in Freeling and Birchler
1981). A plant that is null for ADH2 shows normal viability. However, a plant
that is null for both ADH2 and ADH1 appears to be somewhat more sensitive to
flooding or anaerobiosis than a plant that is null for only ADH1 activity
(Dlouhy 1980). (M. Sachs). bnl(adh2)(pZML841), npi228(adh2)(pZML841).
Classification (using gel electrophoresis of extract followed by ADH specific
staining): kernel (scutellum or aleurone) fair; seedling (root flooded 24 h)
very good; plant (root, flooded) very good; pericarp not detected; prop root
very good; pollen not detected; tassel node very good. Viability of ADH2 null
plant is excellent. Orthologous relationship to wheat Adh-2 (Ahn 1993) in
conflict with Adh-2 gene product, an aromatic alchohol dehydrogenase. 5' region,
-160/1 guanines is a protein binding site, functions in root and vascular tissue
(footprint, gel retardation, transgenic expression, Paul 1994). This gene was
originally curated in MaizeGDB Database and the map position was displayed on
the maize bins map if feasible.
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