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expand all sections collapse all sections  Zea mays subsp. mays Gene "p1"
ID 82
Name p1 (GENE SYMBOL)
Synonyms (11)
GRAMENE GENEGR:0200396
Type Gene
Species Zea mays subsp. mays (Maize) [ GR_tax:014546 ]
Germplasm
Description Dominant P1 regulates red pigment (phlobaphenes) in cob and pericarp (ex. P1-wr
red cob; P1-rr red pericarp and cob) and in tassel glumes and husks; tissue-
specific allele variations; SSR phi095. Dominant P1 regulates red to red-brown
(phlobaphene) pigmentation selectively to plant floral organs, most notably the
pericarp and the soft floral parts of the cob. The pericarp is normally layered
and multicellular, derivative of the ovary wall; the pigmented floral parts of
the cob include the glumes, lemma, and palea, which subtend the ovary and make
up the chaff of the mature cob (Miller 1919). Other tissues in which p1-
specified pigmentation is visible include dry husks; hyaline margins of the
anther glumes (Coe 1983 MNL; Coe 1984; Peterson 1986); silks, when homozygous
for the recessive unlinked factor sm1 (Anderson 1921); cob pith and tassel pith
(Styles 1988). Browning of cut silk ends is also controlled by p1 (Coe 1985
MNL59; Han and Coe 1986, 1987). Alleles are mostly identified by a 2-letter
suffix; the first letter specifies pericarp color and the second letter
indicates cob color, as follows: r = red; w = white (colorless); o = orange; c =
white-cap; v = variegated (Anderson 1924). Pigmentation is dominant to
colorless. P1-vv, variegated pericarp and cob allele of longstanding origin
(Emerson 1917), contains an insertion of a transposable element originally
designated Mp (Modulator) (Brink and Nilan 1952). Mp was later shown to be
genetically (Barclay and Brink 1954) and molecularly (Lechelt et al. 1989)
equivalent to Ac. Ac transposes from P1-vv to linked sites (Greenblatt 1984).
P1-ovov (orange variegated pericarp and cob) was derived from P1-vv by
intragenic transposition of Ac (Peterson 1990). P1-vv and P1-ovov give rise to
deficiencies (P1-ww), which apparently arise by recombination between 5 kb
direct repeats which flank the P1 transcriptional unit (Athma and Peterson
1991). Other unstable alleles include P1-mm (mosaic), P1-Quebec36, and P1-
Boyaca; the source of instability of these types is unknown (Barclay and Brink
1954). Molecular clone (Lechelt et al. 1989). The phlobaphene pigments
controlled by p1 are derived by polymerization of flavan-4-ols (Styles & Ceska
1977, 1989). (T. Peterson). SSR site probed by p-phi095 (probed derived by
sequence analysis from p1 sequence), in Mo17 x H99, is shown 0.6 cM to the left
of p1. myb homologue. This gene was originally curated in MaizeGDB Database and
the map position was displayed on the maize bins map if feasible.
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