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expand all sections collapse all sections  Zea mays subsp. mays Gene "adh1"
ID 26
Name adh1 (GENE SYMBOL)
Synonyms (16)
GENE SYMBOLadh2
GENE SYMBOLAY111936
GRAMENE GENEGR:0200014
Type Gene
Species Zea mays subsp. mays (Maize) [ GR_tax:014546 ]
Germplasm
Description Electrophoretic mobility; null alleles are known; dimeric; intra/interlocus
hybrid bands occur); SSR umc1726. Encodes a dimeric enzyme (ADH1; E.C. 1.1.1.1)
involved in the terminal step of ethanolic fermentation. Intra/interlocus hybrid
dimers occur (Schwartz 1966 PNAS 56:1431)--see also adh2. Natural variations
found in electrophoretic mobility (slow, fast, superfast allozymes encoded by
Adh1-S, -F, and -C alleles, Schwartz and Endo 1966 Genetics 53:709). Variations
found in enzyme-specific activity (-Cm allele has 5% normal activity, Schwartz
and Endo 1966). Null allele found in IL14H (Stuber and Goodman 1983 Ag Res
Results 16:1). Variations in organ specific expression with -1F, -33F, -1S, -54S
(Woodman and Freeling 1981; Williams et al. 1991). Some allele pairs are
incapable of intragenic recombination (-1S, -1F; Freeling 1976, 1978). A tightly
linked duplication is known (-FCm; Schwartz and Endo 1966; Birchler and Schwartz
1979). Many mutants induced by EMS and transposable element insertion have been
isolated (cf. Freeling and Birchler 1981 Genetic Engineering p. 223; Freeling
and Bennett 1985 Ann. Rev. Genet. 19:297). Molecular clone (Gerlach et al.
1982). Nucleotide sequence of natural alleles (Dennis et al. 1984; Sachs et al.
1986; Osterman and Dennis 1989). Expressed at high levels in the prop root
(Schwartz 1979), developing embryo and endosperm (Russell and Sachs 1991), and
post-meiotic microspore (Schwartz 1971; Freeling 1976), and anaerobically
inducible in root and pre-emergent seedling shoot (cf. Sachs 1991). Not
expressed in post-emergent leaf (Okimoto et al. 1980). Regulated by dosage of a
factor located elsewhere on chromosome 1L (Birchler 1981). ADH1 null seeds and
seedlings are very sensitive to flooding anoxia (Schwartz 1969; Lemke-Keyes and
Sachs 1989). Selection against activity in pollen by exposure to allyl alcohol
(Schwartz and Osterman 1976). (M. Sachs). bnl(adh1)(pH2.3), npi21(adh1),
umc(adh1). Expression (using gel electrophoresis of extract followed by ADH
specific staining): kernel (scutellum or aleurone) excellent; seedling (root
flooded 24h) excellent; plant (flooded root) very good; pericarp not detected;
prop root excellent; pollen very good (to distinguish ADH+ from ADH- one can
also use in situ staining of pollen). Viability of ADH1 null plant is good to
very good (except under flooding or other low oxygen conditions; i.e.
conditional lethal). Primary root tips are very sensitive to anoxia. Induction
by anoxia, in the primary root tip, is small and transient relative to induction
by hypoxia unless there is a hypoxic pretreatment. This pretreatment allows the
root tip to survive anoxia about as long as the more proximal parts of the root
can without the hypoxic pretreatment. PCO141653_ov hits 5 BACs, of which 4 are
in the same contig as of 28 Sep 05. PCO141653_ov is from AY104325, matched by
TIGR to adh1. This gene was originally curated in MaizeGDB Database and the map
position was displayed on the maize bins map if feasible.
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