1) Laboratory of Radiation Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113 Japan
2) Center for Gene Research, Nagoya Univ., Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-01 Japan
3) National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305 Japan
Hiratsuka et al. (1989) determined the complete nucleotide sequence and the genetic map of the entire rice chloroplast genome. For the mitochondrial genome, Iwahashi et al. (1992) constructed the physical map and they located some genes on their map.
Recently some new genes have been identified in the chloroplast genome and the mitochondrial genome. In this report, we update the genetic map of the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes by modifying the original figures (Fig. 1; Fig. 2). Genes and their products are listed in Tables 1 and 2.
References
Dupuis, A., J. M. Skehel and J. E. Walker, 1991. A homologue of a nuclear-coded iron-sulfur protein subunit of bovine mitochondrial complex I is encoded in chloroplast genomes. Biochemistry 30: 2954-2960.
Fearinley, I. M., M. J. Runswick and J. E. Walker, 1989. A homologue of the nuclear coded 49 kd subunit of bovine mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone reductase is coded in chloroplast DNA. EMBO J. 8: 665-672.
Gray, J. C., S. M. Hird and T. A. Dyer, 1990. Nucleotide sequence of a wheat chloroplast gene encoding the proteolytic subunit of an ATP-dependent protease. Plant Mol. Biol. 15: 947-950.
Hiratsuka, J., H. Shimada, R. Whittier, T. Ishibashi, M. Sakamoto, M. Mori, C. Kondo, Y. Honji, C.-R. Sun, B.-Y. Meng, Y.-Q. Li, A. Kanno, Y. Nishizawa, A. Hirai, K. Shinozaki and M. Sugiura, 1989. The complete sequence of the rice (Oryza sativa) chloroplast genome: Intermolecular recombination between distinct tRNA genes accounts for a major plastid DNA inversion during the evolution of the cereals. Mol. Genet. 217: 185-194.
Itadani, H., T. Wakasugi, M. Sugita, M. Sugiura, M. Nakazono and A. Hirai. Nucleotide sequence of a 28 kbp portion of rice mitochondrial DNA: the existence of many pieces of mitochondrial gene sequences in intergenic regions. Plant Cell Physiol., in press.
Iwabuchi, M., J. Kyozuka and K. Shimamoto, 1993. Processing followed by complete editing of an altered mitochondrial atp6 RNA restores fertility of cytoplasmic male sterile rice. EMBO J. 12: 1437-1446.
Iwahashi, M., M. Nakazono, A. Kanno, K. Sugino, T. Ishibashi and A. Hirai, 1992. Genetic and physical maps and a clone bank of mitochondrial DNA from rice. Theor. Appl. Genet. 84: 275-279.
Kadowaki, K., T. Suzuki, S. Kazama, T. Oh-fuchi and W. Sakamoto, 1989. Nucleotide sequence of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene from rice mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Res. 17: 7519.
Kadowaki, K., S. Kazama and T. Suzuki, 1990a. Nucleotide sequence of the F1-ATPase a subunit gene from rice mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 1302.
Kadowaki, K., T. Suzuki, S. Kazama, 1990b. A chimeric gene containing the 5'portion of atp6 is associated with cytoplasmic male-sterility of rice. Mol. Gen. Genet. 224: 10-16.
Kaleikau, E. K., C. P. Andre and V. Walbot, 1990a. Sequence of the F0-ATPase proteolipid (atp9) gene from rice mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 370.
Kaleikau, E. K., C. P. Andre and V. Walbot, 1990b. Sequence of the rice mitochondrial gene for apocytochrome b. Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 372.
Kao, T., E. Moon and R. Wu, 1984. Cytochrome oxidase subunit 11 gene of rice has an insertion sequence within the intron. Nucleic Acids Res. 12: 7305-7315.
Lind, L. K., V. K. Shukla, K. J. Nyhus and H. B. Pakrasi, 1993. Genetic and immunological analyses of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 show that the protein encoded by the psbJ gene regulates the number of photosystem II centers in thylakoid membranes. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 1575-1579.
Masui, R., S. Wakabayashi, H. Matsubara and Y. Hatefi, 1991. The amino acid sequence of the 9 kDa polypeptide and partial amino acid sequence of the 20 kDa polypeptide of mitochondrial NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase. J. Biochem. 110: 575-582.
Nakazono, M., H. Itadani, T. Wakasugi, N. Tsutsumi, M. Sugiura and A. Hirai. The rps3-rpl16-nad3-rpsl2 gene cluster in rice mitochondrial DNA is transcribed from alternative promoters. Curr. Genet., in press.
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Fig. 1. Genetic map of rice chloroplast genome. Genes shown outside the
circle are encoded on the A strand and transcribed counter-clockwise. Genes
shown inside are encoded on the B strand and transcribed clockwise. Asterisks
denote split genes. LSC, large single copy region; IR, inverted repeat; SSC,
small single copy region.
Fig. 2. Physical and genetic maps of rice mitochondrial genome. The black
boxes indicate the approximate location of genes. Each set of recombination
repeats is indicated by boxes of a given pattern.
Table 1. Newly identified chloroplast genes and their products
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Gene Product Reference
previous new
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ORF159 ndh J NADH dehydrogenase 3OkDa subunit Pilkinton et al. 1991
psbG ndh K NADH dehydrogenase 2OkDa subunit Masui et al. 1991
ORF230 cem A chloroplast envelope membrane protein A Sasaki et al. 1993
ORF40 psb J PSII J protein Lind et al. 1993
ORF216 clp P proteolytic subunit of the ATP-dependent Gray et al. 1990
Clp protease
ORF63 rpl 32 ribosomal protein L32 Yokoi et al. 1990
ORF178 ndh I NADH dehydrogenase 23kDa subunit Dupuis et al. 1991
ORF393 ndh H NADH dehydrogenase 49kDa subunit Fearnley et al. 1989
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Table 2. Mitochondrial genes and their products _____________________________________________________________________________ Gene Product Reference _____________________________________________________________________________ atp1 F`1`-ATPase alpha-subunit Kadowaki et al. 1990a atp6 F`0`-ATPase subunit 6 Kadowaki et al. 1990b,Iwabuchi et al 1993 atp9 F`0`-ATPase subunit 9 Kaleikau et al. 1990a cob apocytochrome b Kaleikau et al. 1990b cox1 cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 Kadowaki et al. 1989 cox2 cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 Kao et al 1984 nad3 NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 Suzuki et al.1991,Nakazono et al in press nad4 NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 Itadani et al. in press nad9 NADH dehydrogenase subunit 9 unpublished orf483 ORF483 Itadani et al. in press rrn18 18S ribosomal RNA Iwahashi et al. 1992 rrn26 26S ribosomal RNA Iwahashi et al. 1992 rpl2 ribosomal protein L2 unpublished rpl5 ribosomal protein L5 unpublished rpl16 ribosomal protein L16 Nakazorio et al in press rps1 ribosomal protein S1 unpublished rps3 ribosomal protein S3 Nakazono et al in press rps4 ribosomal protein S4 unpublished rps7 ribosoami protein S7 unpublished rps11 ribosomal protein S11 unpublished rps12 ribosomal protein S12 Suzuki et al 1991,Nakazono et al in press rps13 ribosomal protein S13 unpublished rps14 ribosomal protein S14 unpublished rps19 ribosomal protein S19 unpublished trnfM initiator methionine tRNA Itadani et al. in press trnN asparagine tRNA Iwahashi et al. 1992 ______________________________________________________________________________