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E.g., Wessler, regeneration, PubMed ID 17578919.

expand all sections collapse all sections  Reference "Convergent evolution of perenniality in rice and sorghum"
Reference ID 7857
Title Convergent evolution of perenniality in rice and sorghum
Source Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2003, vol. 100, pp. 4050-4054
Authors (11)
Abstract Annual and perennial habit are two major strategies by which grasses adapt to
seasonal environmental change, and these distinguish cultivated cereals from
their wild relatives. Rhizomatousness, a key trait contributing to perenniality,
was investigated by using an F(2) population from a cross between cultivated
rice (Oryza sativa) and its wild relative, Oryza longistaminata. Molecular
mapping based on a complete simple sequence-repeat map revealed two dominant-
complementary genes controlling rhizomatousness. Rhz3 was mapped to the interval
between markers OSR16 [1.3 centimorgans (cM)] and OSR13 (8.1 cM) on rice
chromosome 4 and Rhz2 located between RM119 (2.2 cM) and RM273 (7.4 cM) on
chromosome 3. Comparative mapping indicated that each gene closely corresponds
to major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling rhizomatousness in Sorghum
propinquum, a wild relative of cultivated sorghum. Correspondence of these genes
in rice and sorghum, which diverged from a common ancestor approximately 50
million years ago, suggests that the two genes may be key regulators of rhizome
development in many Poaceae. Many additional QTLs affecting abundance of
rhizomes in O. longistaminata were identified, most of which also corresponded
to the locations of S. propinquum QTLs. Convergent evolution of independent
mutations at, in some cases, corresponding genes may have been responsible for
the evolution of annual cereals from perennial wild grasses. DNA markers closely
linked to Rhz2 and Rhz3 will facilitate cloning of the genes, which may
contribute significantly to our understanding of grass evolution, advance
opportunities to develop perennial cereals, and offer insights into
environmentally benign weed-control strategies.

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